Welcome to today's edition of Secret CISO, where we unravel the intricate web of cybersecurity threats and solutions. As geopolitical tensions simmer, the potential for Iranian cyberattacks on U.S. critical infrastructure looms large, reminding us of the ever-present need for vigilance and preparedness.

In the realm of AI, a patched flaw in Microsoft Copilot, dubbed EchoLeak, exposed the risks of integrating AI tools without thorough security checks. Meanwhile, experts urge a collaborative approach to AI in identity security, emphasizing the irreplaceable value of human oversight.

Malicious AI agents in LangSmith have highlighted vulnerabilities in AI environments, while the rapid pace of exploit development underscores the necessity of proactive security measures. Real-world vulnerability research remains crucial to staying ahead of threats.

On the vulnerability front, critical issues have been identified across various platforms, from GitLab's CSRF attack vector to Dell PowerScale's missing authorization flaw, each demanding immediate attention and updates to safeguard sensitive data.

Stay informed and prepared with Secret CISO as we navigate the evolving landscape of cybersecurity challenges and innovations.

Data Breaches

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Security Research

1. Cybersecurity Expert Discusses U.S. Involvement in Middle East Could Lead to Possible Iranian Cyberattacks: Jeffrey Wells from the National Security Institute highlights the potential for Iranian cyberattacks on critical infrastructure, such as ports and banking, due to U.S. involvement in the Middle East. This discussion underscores the importance of heightened vigilance and preparedness in the face of geopolitical tensions. Source: YouTube.
2. Jira Tickets Become Attack Vectors in PoC 'Living off AI' Attack: Aim Security researchers demonstrated a now-patched Microsoft Copilot flaw, EchoLeak, which could leak internal data through Jira tickets. This highlights the risks of integrating AI tools without thorough security assessments. Source: SC Media.
3. AI Isn't Ready to Go Solo: Expert Urges Collaborative Security Strategy: Experts caution against relying solely on AI for identity security, emphasizing the need for human oversight to leverage adaptability, creativity, and nuanced judgment in security strategies. This collaborative approach is crucial for robust cybersecurity measures. Source: SC Media.
4. Malicious AI Agent in LangSmith May Have Exposed API Data: Noma Security researchers found that malicious AI agents in LangSmith could intercept sensitive data, including OpenAI API keys. This incident underscores the importance of securing AI environments to prevent data breaches. Source: BankInfoSecurity.
5. Proactive Security Crucial Amid Faster Exploits: The rapid pace of exploit development necessitates a proactive security approach. Real-world vulnerability research and offensive security understanding are essential to stay ahead of threats and protect systems effectively. Source: BankInfoSecurity.

Top CVEs

1. CVE-2024-4994: An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1.0 before 16.11.5, all versions starting from 17.0 before 17.0.3, all versions starting from 17.1.0 before 17.1.1 which allowed for a CSRF attack on GitLab's GraphQL API leading to the execution of arbitrary GraphQL queries. This vulnerability could potentially allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of users. GitLab has released patches to address this issue. Source: Vulners
2. CVE-2023-5600: An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.3.6, all versions starting from 16.4 before 16.4.2, all versions starting from 16.5 before 16.5.1. Arbitrary access to the titles of private specific references could be leaked through the service-desk custom email feature, potentially exposing sensitive information. GitLab has addressed this vulnerability in recent updates. Source: Vulners
3. CVE-2024-53298: Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.0.1, contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the NFS export. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to unauthorized filesystem access. The attacker may be able to read, modify, and delete arbitrary files. This vulnerability is considered critical as it can be leveraged to fully compromise the system. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest. Source: Vulners
4. CVE-2025-49132: Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to version 1.11.11, using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code without being authenticated. This could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials, and extract sensitive information. The issue has been patched in version 1.11.11. Source: Vulners
5. CVE-2024-4025: A Denial of Service (DoS) condition has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 7.10 prior before 16.11.5, version 17.0 before 17.0.3, and 17.1 before 17.1.1. It is possible for an attacker to cause a denial of service using a crafted markdown input, potentially disrupting services. GitLab has released updates to mitigate this vulnerability. Source: Vulners

API Security

1. CVE-2024-4994: An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting multiple versions, allowing for a CSRF attack on GitLab's GraphQL API. This vulnerability enables the execution of arbitrary GraphQL queries, posing a significant security risk. Users are advised to update to the latest versions to mitigate this threat. Source: Vulners.
2. zkVM Underconstrained Vulnerability: A missing constraint in the rv32im circuit of risc0-zkvm versions 2.0.0 to 2.0.2 allows malicious provers to exploit the system. This vulnerability can confuse the RISC-V virtual machine, leading to potential security breaches. Users are urged to upgrade to version 2.1.0 to ensure protection. Source: Vulners.
3. CVE-2025-48059: PowSyBl framework versions 6.3.0 to before 6.7.2 and 5.0.0 to before 6.3.0 are vulnerable to a polynomial Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. This vulnerability can lead to significant CPU exhaustion if exploited. A patch has been released, and users should update to the latest versions to prevent potential attacks. Source: Vulners.
4. CVE-2025-49966: A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability exists in the Oganro Travel Portal Search Widget for HotelBeds APITUDE API. This vulnerability allows unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of users, posing a significant security risk. Users are advised to implement necessary security measures to mitigate this issue. Source: Vulners.
5. CVE-2025-32878: COROS PACE 3 devices through version 3.0808.0 have a vulnerability in their WLAN connection function. The device fails to validate the X.509 server certificate during the TLS handshake, allowing attackers to eavesdrop and manipulate HTTPS communication. This could lead to the theft of API access tokens. Users should ensure their devices are updated to prevent exploitation. Source: Vulners.

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Final Words

As we wrap up today's edition of Secret CISO, it's clear that the cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging at a rapid pace. From potential geopolitical cyber threats to vulnerabilities in AI and software systems, staying informed and vigilant is more crucial than ever.

We hope you found today's insights valuable and that they empower you to enhance your security strategies. Remember, cybersecurity is a collective effort, and sharing knowledge is a key part of building a robust defense.

If you found this newsletter helpful, please consider sharing it with your friends and colleagues. Together, we can create a more secure digital world. Stay safe, stay informed, and we'll see you in the next edition of Secret CISO!